Cognitive Function Variability and Health-related Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Analysis Across Different Multiple Sclerosis Types

INTRODUCTION: To investigate cognitive function variability and health-related quality of life in patients with diverse types of multiple sclerosis (MS).
METHODS: This study involved 780 participants diagnosed with various types of MS. Data was collected using the MS quality of life 54 questionnaire, administered online during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.
RESULTS: The cognitive function scores of the various MS types were found to be significantly distinct, with the relapsing-remitting (RR) type exhibiting the greatest variability. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a modest improvement in cognitive function over time in RRMS patients. Age and health-related quality of life exhibited a highly significant negative correlation (r=-0.63, p<0.001). Heritability analysis suggested that approximately 45% of cognitive function variability is attributable to genetic factors. Specifically, RRMS patients exhibited higher cognitive function scores compared to patients with primary-progressive type and secondary-progressive type of MS (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Cognitive function and health-related quality of life differ significantly among the different MS types. Age and genetic factors play critical roles in cognitive health. The findings underscore the need for conducting routine cognitive assessments in MS patients, especially for those with RRMS, to provide early intervention and enhance patient outcomes. Comprehensive mean square care necessitates the integration of cognitive and physical health management strategies.