Ataxia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Brief Review

Ataxia is a significant and often debilitating symptom characterized by the impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movements. It frequently occurs in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and profoundly impacts their quality of life. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted nature of ataxia, including its diverse etiologies such as central nervous system lesions, medication side effects, nutritional deficiencies, and hereditary conditions, as well as its association with various diseases. A detailed examination of ataxia’s correlations with neuroanatomy revealed its complex relationship with cerebellar pathology. This emphasized the critical role of the cerebellum and its associated pathways in coordinating voluntary movements. The manifestation of ataxia in MS were examined, highlighting its prevalence, impact on disability and life quality, and the pathological underpinnings within cerebellar structures. Diagnostic approaches, including the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, and nine-hole peg test for assessing upper limb dexterity, were discussed. Furthermore, the treatment strategies were critically reviewed. Although long-term effective options are currently lacking, specific pharmacological agents and rehabilitation techniques have demonstrated some benefits. The review findings indicate that further studies are required to better understand ataxia’s dynamics, treatment efficacy, and overall impact on patients with MS. Additionally, there is a pressing need for advancements in management and therapeutic approaches.